Date: 5 May 2006

Overfishing

I became interested in overfishing after I read two articles about the serious impact of this issue. Overfishing is a real threat to the fish population. First, I chose an article talking about salmon as an example of this problem. There will be a misbalance in the sea’s environment. According to Jeff Barnard, “wild pacific salmon will become practically extinct this century without big changes in how the harvest is managed” (2006, par. 2). The second article was about overfishing in general and about people who make decisions in regard to the fish industry. Some of those people were “dominated by fishing interests” (Anchorage Daily News, 2005, par. 2). Alaska in the author’s opinion was a very good example of good fish management. He recommended implementing Alaska’s standards. Many countries are considered dangerous to the sea’s environments, for example Spain and Portugal; they are the greatest threat to the fish stocks in the world (Brown, 2005). According to Brown, “The high level of subsidies are part of the reason that nearly 75 percent of the fish stock are at risk. The need for action is clear” (2005, par. 9). Finally, there are no sufficient laws to regulate and control the commercial limits of fishing.

I plan on writing that three actions should be considered and enforced as soon as possible, to save the rest of fish population and the environment of the world. First, a global action has to be made regarding promoting new laws to protect the fish population. Second, organizations have to be established to stand against any harmful decisions and to make new studies about the danger of overfishing in the long term. Finally, we should raise the awareness of ordinary people and make them feel the problem, participate and make pressure to change bad policies.

First, how can we unite as a world of nations against such a problem? At the beginning, we have to show the world how serious this issue is; we have to publish the studies regarding the impact on the environment of overfishing. After that the leading organizations, for example, the United Nations, have to take actions and try to create cooperation between countries to stand against such a mutual enemy, overfishing. This is simply because it is one world and a common problem, that we have to work together to solve it. According to a report that was released from the United Nations, “… destructive fishing techniques are threatening the world’s fisheries and as a result, almost three quarters of the world’s fish stocks have been overexploited or depleted” (States News Service, 2006, par. 5). As an example of these organizations we have a regional council named The Gulf of Mexico Fishery management Council; it is one eight other regional councils, which is not the ambition we look for, because their performance is poor (U.S. Newswire, 2005), but it means we are on the right track. According to Dorsett, regarding the council’s task, “setting appropriate management measures to build these populations to healthy levels must be implemented if we are to achieve sustainable fisheries …” (U.S. Newswire, 2005, par. 2). An effective role of an organization like UN will be much better, but unfortunately this goal is not yet achieved as Secretary General Kofi Annan said in UN report; that certain fish stocks have “declined to the point where their commercial value has become insignificant” while other stocks “have been so substantially reduced that their biological survival is seriously threatened” (States News Service, 2006, Par.4). In that meeting, the participants stress the necessity of a real implementation of the treaty (States News Service, 2006).

The second thing that could work closely with the first, is establishing new organizations or committees, from the interested environmentalists, to gather their efforts, and to work as a team, to show the decision maker the real threat. They can also work together with the same organizations abroad and learn from each other’s experience. They should have the capacity to conduct new studies and research. In order to do that successfully, we have to rely on scientific methods to the limits that should not be exceeded. According to Powell, “… prevent overcapitalization of fishing fleets and set and enforce responsible limits based on science, they can make progress in ending overfishing and rebuilding stocks” (U.S. Newswire, 2005, par. 6).

The role of ordinary people is an effective role to make changes. But, people have to have the knowledge and the necessary awareness of this problem, in order to understand what they have to do. That could be achieved through education in schools, universities, and special institutes. We should have a new generation that has to be concerned about its environment, because of their life, and the future generation’s life. If they acquire the minimum knowledge of this great threat, they would participate in any method they can. If we assume that we have enough organizations that taking care of this issue, people don't know about these organizations. Therefore, international entities have to arrange these organizations and show the public what they are doing (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2005). The need is more where overfishing is worse, like Canada and Europe. The government has to play the main role in addressing this issue, relying on science, “Many participants stressed the leading role that science should play in the management of fish stocks, particularly in Europe and in urban centers in Canada, …” (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2005, par. 6). Organizations have to conduct lectures and seminars in order to demonstrate the serious threat, and make that an important part of the education system.
In order to make students aware of what happens in their environments, if they understand especially in universities, they can convey that to their families, society and the circle keeps growing, till we have an appropriate culture regarding environment. Then people can make pressure on their governments to make big changes in the current policies. According to Teran, “The misconceptions that have driven the world to deplete many coastal fisheries, with predictable economic, social, political and environmental consequences, have created a global concern about mankind’s future actions to stop it in time” (1998, par. 4). An example of what people can do is to pressure a government to stop the subsidies that are considered part of the problem (Brown, 2005).

Finally, I believe the way to solve this problem will not be achieved until we have combination between the aforementioned solutions. Efforts from leading organizations are the starting point to monitor countries and enforce sanctions on those not committed. According to Grainger, “Managing the world’s fish stocks is a major challenge both at present and in the future”; he said also regarding fisheries, “If successful, the project will help us to keep track of fisheries across the world by taking information from a wide variety of sources and providing us with rapid real-time information” (States News Service, 2006, par. 10). Private organizations have to be established either from government support or the concerned environmentalists with help from the same once within a country or abroad. Ordinary people can do a great job, but after we educate them and show them the real threat on their environments and on themselves. After they have the required knowledge, they can be used as a good tool to achieve the ultimate goal: “sustainable environments”.



Bibliography:

Anchorage Daily News (Alaska). (2005, Nov. 18). Congress should embrace our approach to prevent overfishing. Retrieved on March 31, 2006 from LexisNexis database.

Barnard, J. (2006, Jan. 26). Administration pitches new policy. Associated Press Online. Retrieved on March 27, 2006 from
http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/projects/salmon2100htm

Brown, O. (2005, Dec. 14). Overfishing puts free-trade advocates and environmentalists in same boat. Associated Press Worldstream. Retrieved on April 17, 2006 from LexisNexis database.

Gissurarson, H. H. (2000). Overfishing: The Icelandic solution. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Canada). (2005, May 4). Media room. Focus groups provide insight into the views of Canadians and Europeans on the global overfishing problem. Retrieved on April 27, 2006 from
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/media/newsrel/2005/nq-ac29_e.htm

States News Service. (2006, March 20). At meeting countries call for strengthening treaty to curb overfishing. Retrieved on April 18, 2006 from LexisNexis database.

Teran, F. H. (1998, March 19). Overfishing in the global village. IWMC World Conservation Trust. Retrieved on April 27, 2006 from http://www.iwmc.org./sustain/Articles/980319.htm

U. S. Newswire. (2005, Nov. 14). Fishery council to finalize management plan for 2006 recreational red grouper fishery; continues to threaten fish population, future of fishing in the gulf. Retrieved on April 17, 2006 from LexisNexis database.

Date: 4 May 2006
Class: EAP2

Oceans

Based on what I have read, ocean’s environments are in danger, for many reasons like overfishing, pollution, wastewater from cities and pesticides from farms. They have serious impacts on the environments such as poison, diseases in ocean’s life, and contamination of sea’s food (Weber, 2002). According to Weber, oceans have other threats; “Oceans are subject to the same basic pressures that are undermining the terrestrial environment—rapid population growth, industrial expansion, rising consumption, and persistent poverty” (2005, par. 1).

The main idea in these articles was the threat on oceans. There are three things we should do to save oceans from this threat. We have to reduce the level of fishing. There should be high standard measurement for industry or quality control. We should show the importance of fish in both ways, food and medical treatment.

The level of fishing has to be reduced to a sustainable level. That could be achieved through many ways. First, we have to make regulations to control the fish industry, and that will be after we make the appropriate research and studies. It is a global issue; therefore, international organizations have to work hand in hand to tackle this problem. These organizations have to promote new policies and sanctions to those countries or companies that are not committed to new laws. According to Corson, “The world fish catch is approaching the annual total – 100 million metric tons—that the U.N. food and agriculture organization (FAO) believes is the most that can be taken sustainably over the long term” (1999, p. 136).

As this issue is everybody’s concern, we have to unite as world of nations in our efforts to deal with this problem. The leaders of countries, which have this problem, they have to join their efforts with those of scientists, and environmentalists, in order to have better understanding of the issue and then work in the right direction. Immediate actions should take place as soon they develop cooperation between each other’s countries. When strong countries unite in solving this problem, they can make pressure to any country not following any adopted laws. New industrial technology has to be considered in general to have less harmful effects in environments. There should be more research to improve the current methods.

We should show the importance of keeping a sustainable fish level in many aspects, food, environmental balance, and the use of fish in medical treatments. According to Weber, “Scientific researchers are increasingly turning to the sea in their research for medical cures and unique compounds…” (2002, p. 44). Scientists should show the governments and the concerned organizations these important facts about fish. In order to have good source of medication; we need good fish quality.

Finally, these articles show how this issue is serious. Therefore we have to decrease the level of fishing. Second, we should have quality control in any industrial projects to master the maximum safety we can get. Third, we need to show everybody the importance of having clean and sustainable ocean environments.


Reference:

Corson, W. H. (1999). Oceans and coastal resources In The Global Handbook. SF: Golden Books.

Weber, P. (2002). Safeguarding oceans In The State of the World, edited by L. Brown (Ed.). New York: Harper Books.

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Date: 17 April 2006


Overfishing

I became interested in overfishing after I read two articles about the serious impact of this issue. Overfishing is a real threat to the fish population. First, I chose an article talking about salmon as an example of this problem. There will be a misbalance in sea’s environment. According to Jeff Barnard, “wild pacific salmon will become practically extinct this century without big changes in how the harvest is managed” (2006, par. 2). The second article was about overfishing in general and about people who make decisions in regard to the fish industry. Some of those people were “dominated by fishing interests” (Anchorage Daily News, 2005, par. 2). Alaska in the author’s opinion was a very good of good management. He recommended implementing Alaska’s standards. Finally, there are no sufficient laws to regulate and control the commercial limits of fishing.

I plan on writing that three actions should be considered and enforced as soon as possible, to save the rest of fish population and the environment of the world. First, a global action has to be made regarding promoting new laws to protect the fish population. Second, organizations have to be established to stand against any harmful decisions and to make new studies about the danger of overfishing in the long term. Finally, we should raise the awareness of ordinary people and make them feel the problem, participate and make pressure to change bad policies.

First, how can we unite as a universal against such a problem? At the beginning, we have to show the world how serious this issue is; we have to publish the studies regarding the impact on the environment of overfishing. After that the leading organizations, for example, the United Nations, have to take actions and try to create cooperation between countries to stand against such a mutual enemy, overfishing. This is simply because, it is one world and a common problem, that we have to work together to solve it.

The second thing that could work closely with the first, is establishing new organizations or committees, from the interested environmentalists, to gather their efforts, and to work as a team, to show the decision maker the real threat. They can also work together with the same organizations abroad and learn from each other’s experience. They should have the capacity to conduct new studies and research.

The role of ordinary people is an effective role to make changes. But, people have to have the knowledge and the necessary awareness of this problem, in order to understand what they have to do. That could be achieved through education in schools, universities, and special institutes. We should have a new generation that has to be concerned about its environment, because of their life, and the future generations life. If they acquire the minimum knowledge of this great threat, they would participate in any method they can.

Finally, I believe the way to solve this problem will not be achieved until we have combination between the aforementioned solutions, because one of the solutions cannot result in what we are looking for, which is a sustainable environment.

Reference:
Anchorage Daily News (Alaska). (2005, Nov. 18). Congress should embrace our approach to prevent overfishing. Retrieved on March 31, 2006 from LexisNexis Database.

Barnard, J. (2006, Jan. 26). Administration pitches new policy. Associated Press Online. Retrieved on March 27, 2006 from
www.epa.gov/wed/pages/projects/salmon2100.htm

Isachenkov, V. (2005, Nov. 8). Norwegian ambassador to Russia urges joint action to protect fishing resources. Associated Press Worldstream. Retrieved on April 13, 2006 from LexisNexis Database.

Sleeth, P. (2006, Feb. 24). Decline may force shutdown of fishing season. Financial Times Information. Retrieved on April 10, 2006 from LexisNexis Database.

Overfishing

I became interested in overfishing after I read two articles about the serious impact of this issue. Overfishing is a real threat to the fish population. First, I chose an article talking about salmon as an example of this problem. There will be a misbalance in sea’s environment. According to Jeff Barnard, “wild pacific salmon will become practically extinct this century without big changes in how the harvest is managed” (2006, par. 2). The second article was about overfishing in general and about people who make decisions in regard to the fish industry. Some of those people were “dominated by fishing interests” (Anchorage Daily News, 2005, par. 2). Alaska in the author’s opinion was a very good example and the best managed. He recommended implementing Alaska’s standards. Finally, there are no sufficient laws to regulate and control the commercial limits of fishing.

I plan on writing that three actions should be considered and enforced as soon as possible, to save the rest of fish population and the environment. First, a global action has to be made regarding promoting new laws to protect the fish population. Second, organizations have to be established to stand against any harmful decisions and to make new studies about the danger of overfishing in the long term. Finally, we should raise the awareness of ordinary people and make them feel the problem, participate and make pressure to change bad policies.

I have found four articles that helped me to have a better understanding of this threat. I still need to read the third one and find out more about the declining number of salmon, because it might help us to realize potential crises.

Reference:
Anchorage Daily News (Alaska). (2005. Nov. 18). Congress should embrace our approach to prevent overfishing. Retrieved on March 31, 2006 from LexisNexis Database.

Barnard, J. (2006. Jan. 26). Administration pitches new policy. Associated Press Online. Retrieved on March 27, 2006 from
www.epa.gov/wed/pages/projects/salmon2100.htm

Isachenkov, V. (2005. Nov. 8). Norwegian ambassador to Russia urges joint action to protect fishing resources. Associated Press Worldstream. Retrieved on April 13, 2006 from LexisNexis Database.

Sleeth, P. (2006. Feb. 24). Decline may force shutdown of fishing season. Financial Times Information. Retrieved on April 10, 2006 from LexisNexis Database.

Class: EAP2
Date: 3 April 2006


Overfishing

In this article, the author says there should be commercial fishing limits, for example, once that do not allow overfishing. The rules were set by councils dominated by fishing interests, which will affect the fish population negatively. Many factors have led those councils to ignore the available information regarding this issue. He mentioned New England as an example of overfishing. Alaska is in a very good condition, and is the best managed. Finally, he mentioned some debates about the implementation of Alaska’s methods.

This article mainly talked about the regulations and laws, which have been made by people who are not specialists on the environment. The government has to focus on the interests of those councils. Also, the concerned organizations have to take the initiative to participate in making laws. Ordinary people can apply pressure on governments.

I would like to start talking about who is responsible for making rules concerning the sea environment, and the environments in general. I believe people who made the rules have to be specialized in this matter, with very good qualifications. They have to have fear about our planet, and inner concern. They have to be selected among those who are working in this field, and having experience to study and handle any new phenomenon. They have to include many foundations within the country or abroad. There has to be financial support to be ready to face any crises. They have to cover different kinds of environmental problems, because overfishing is not the only problem we face.

Organizations have players in solving this threat, which are the special organizations that deal with environmental problems in many aspects. They have various ways to get attention such as publishing current studies about what is going on with the environments, the threats, the reasons, the damages if no changes have been made in the current policies, and the solutions. That will be of course through local and international collaboration in making research. The effort of organizations usually has more influence, because it’s more organized than individuals’ work. They have the capacity to study more problems at one time. They have strong attitudes that will impress any government that is not considering their recommendations.

The effort I see as the most effective method to apply pressure and make changes, is the effort by people who are interested in environment can convince a government to change its policies. We have two different kinds of people; First, people who are working with environments, who are updated with anything new, the threats, the causes, and who can help to resolve these problems. They could be teachers in schools, universities; they might be members in private committees concerning these issues. The second type is the ordinary people who the first group can influence, and take them to their side to work hand in hand in this matter. That could be done through raising the awareness about the danger of overfishing in the long term; we can conduct seminars, and lectures, and also use a very effective method, the media.

In short, dealing with this kind of problems cannot be done successfully from one side. It is a public and international issue, and the cooperation is the way. Another important method that we have to benefit from other’s experience, and start from where they stopped.

Reference:

Anchorage Daily News (Alaska). (2005, Nov. 18). Congress Should Embrace our Approach to Prevent Overfishing. Retrieved on March 31, 2006 from LexisNexis Database.

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